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Why is there oil on spark plug threads on an S54 engine (cold start misfire)?

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    Why is there oil on spark plug threads on an S54 engine (cold start misfire)?

    MSS54 with 116k miles.

    I have a cold start misfire issue where cyl 3 would misfire every morning, but if I allowed the car to warm up and go into closed loop and then turn it off and back on again the misfire would disappear and it would run fine for the rest of the day.

    While trying to track down the misfire issue I noticed a small amount of oil on the coil and a large amount of oil on the spark plug threads of cyl 3.

    My first thought was valve cover gasket/tube seals so I ordered the kit. But while doing the job I had a closer look at the design on the spark plug tubes. They are one piece that protrudes out of the top of the valve cover, so the tube seals don't seem to be there to prevent oil from entering the tube. Instead it seems they prevent the oil from exiting out of the top of the valve cover which isn't an issue for me. I went ahead and finished the job anyway.

    My next thought was maybe it was getting past the piston rings. So I did a compression test and have between 172 and 176 PSI on all cylinders which seems to be in spec. I also did a leak down test with a cheap tester. It can only provide 15 PSI but it past none the less. I then skipped the tester and just provided 90PSI to each cylinder. I could hear hissing in crank case through the oil filler cap, but cyl 3 sounded just the same as the rest of the cylinders. I figure since the rings don't seal 100% that a little hissing is normal. Couldn't detect hissing from intake or exhaust.

    I installed new spark plugs and did some other maintenance (valve adjustment, IAC and throttle body cleaning, new MAF) and the cold start misfire went away for 4 days. But today the misfire returned

    Pulled the spark plug from cyl 3 and sure enough there is oil on the threads again. Not nearly as much as the first time, but the plugs are only 4 days old.

    Other than spilling oil down the tube, what else could cause it? The only thing I can think of is valve seals.

    Or maybe it's possible the misfire is completely unrelated to the oil on the plug, and that the misfire is actually causing the oil to accumulate somehow?

    Any idea?

    #2
    Originally posted by mattpd View Post
    Pulled the spark plug from cyl 3 and sure enough there is oil on the threads again. Not nearly as much as the first time, but the plugs are only 4 days old.

    Other than spilling oil down the tube, what else could cause it? The only thing I can think of is valve seals.
    Before installing the new plug, did you try to clean the plug hole and the female threads? It could be that at the bottom of the hole, the sealing surface has scratches and so the new plug crush washer didn't seal well. I don't see how the oil can enter the hole from the top. The only way oil got to the plug threads is that gas is leaking through the plug threads and the crush washer.
    Also, have you swap the ignition coils between #3 and other cylinder? A dying coil could cause cold misfire.

    Comment


      #3
      Originally posted by sapote View Post

      Before installing the new plug, did you try to clean the plug hole and the female threads? It could be that at the bottom of the hole, the sealing surface has scratches and so the new plug crush washer didn't seal well. I don't see how the oil can enter the hole from the top. The only way oil got to the plug threads is that gas is leaking through the plug threads and the crush washer.
      Also, have you swap the ignition coils between #3 and other cylinder? A dying coil could cause cold misfire.
      I did swap coils and it made no difference.

      I cleaned the hole as best as I could with a rag on the end of a screw driver. Sealing surface looked fine but I take a closer look with a borescope when I get the chance.

      I guess I could pull all the plugs except #3 and turn the engine over by hand to see if I hear air leaking out...

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        #4
        After taking another look I think the oil is indeed coming from the top of the plug and dripping down. The plug tube on cyl 3 is unique. While the other tubes are solid, #3 has this cutout in it. After driving a few days and then removing the coil, I find oil pooled up in this little dish. I think it would be impossible for oil to come past the threads of the plug and make it's way all the way up here. Anyone know what the purpose of this cutout is and what's supposed to be sealing it?

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          #5
          It should not have that cut out on the head. Remove the valve cover and look at the base of that #3 plug tube. How high the cutout is from the plug crush washer base? The leak in oil flood the hole until the oil was high enough to touch the plug tip, then shorted out the high voltage and discharge the spark into the oil pool ---> misfire. The coil should be good still.

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            #6
            Pretty sure all s54s have that cutout in the spark plug tube for cylinder 3. I was just messing around in there and mine definitely has it.
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              #7
              Did you ever figure this out? I haven’t gotten to the point of misfires but I’ve got a bunch of oil pooled in that little cup as well

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                #8
                Originally posted by M3Hokie View Post
                Did you ever figure this out? I haven’t gotten to the point of misfires but I’ve got a bunch of oil pooled in that little cup as well
                A small amount seems pretty normal, especially on a higher mileage engine. My guess is the oil vapors are making their way up the cylinder from the crankcase when the engine is shut off. Initially I thought it was from the valve cover spark plug tube seals, but not sure how the oil vapor would get past the sealed coil packs.

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                  #9
                  Originally posted by heinzboehmer View Post
                  Pretty sure all s54s have that cutout in the spark plug tube for cylinder 3. I was just messing around in there and mine definitely has it.
                  same i also have this cutout


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                  Comment


                    #10
                    Originally posted by Slideways View Post

                    A small amount seems pretty normal, especially on a higher mileage engine. My guess is the oil vapors are making their way up the cylinder from the crankcase when the engine is shut off. Initially I thought it was from the valve cover spark plug tube seals, but not sure how the oil vapor would get past the sealed coil packs.
                    Makes sense to me. I haven’t had any oil consumption issues at all. I was just doing a vanos rebuild/service ii and saw oil collecting there. The coils didn’t have any oil inside them so I’d assume it’s not getting past them.

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                      #11
                      I just discovered this while unfucking a previous VCG job (mechanic overtorqued grommet nuts, causing leaks around them). I’m replacing the plugs, crankcase vent valve, and hose, as well as cleaning the PCV/drain channel in the valve cover. Will monitor and see if that helps.

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                        #12
                        To OP, any news on this?

                        Have you try cleaning the oil return passage in the valve cover? they may clog and causing oil to loop back to the airbox

                        I refitted my CSL airbox today after getting my car smogged and I noticed the inside was coated in a thin film of oil. Nothing excessive, but definitely more than I would have expected from ~1.5 years of use. The PCV/oil separator looks to be pretty gunked up inside, so I'm assuming this is part of the issue. Hard to take a

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